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Table 2 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of Ni(II) ions onto NZVI-CNS

From: Nanoscale zero-valent iron-impregnated agricultural waste as an effective biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater

Metal ions

Concentration of Ni(II) ion solution (mg/L)

H o(kJ/mol)

S o(J/mol/K)

G o (kJ/mol)

30 °C

40 °C

50 °C

60 °C

Ni(II)

25

−61.998

−162.94

−14.846

−10.327

−9.134

−8.143

50

−31.688

−73.52

−9.300

−8.936

−7.790

−7.226

75

−24.699

−55.76

−7.920

−7.152

−6.479

−6.312

100

−13.630

−25.12

−5.979

−5.782

−5.586

−5.200

150

−11.719

−22.15

−4.994

−4.761

−4.653

−4.288